Phosphospecific Antibody

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 (GABAA Receptor, g2) is a receptor for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. GABA mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. The GABA receptor is pentameric in structure, and there are five types of GABA(A) receptor chains: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and rho.

The activation of signal transduction pathways by growth factors, hormones and neurotransmitters is mediated through two closely related MAP kinases, p44 and p42 encoded by ERK1 and ERK2 respectively. Both kinases are regulated by dual specific phosphorylation on tyrosine and threonine in response to insulin and NGF. ERK/MAPK is involved in both the initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors such as ELK1. The activity of ERK/MAPK is regulated by dual phosphorylation at Thr202 and Tyr204.

Dynamin-1 is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein involved in producing microtubule bundles and able to bind and hydrolyze GTP. Dynamin-1 is involved in vesicular trafficking processes, and is involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Phosphorylation of dynamin is thought to play a key role in synaptic vesicle trafficking.

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B (DARPP-32) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons. DARPP-32 is a dopamine and cyclic-AMP regulated phosphoprotein. DARPP-32 levels are decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and lymphocytes of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. Phosphorylation of DARPP-32 is thought to play a critical role in the regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B (DARPP-32) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons. DARPP-32 is a dopamine and cyclic-AMP regulated phosphoprotein. DARPP-32 levels are decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and lymphocytes of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. Phosphorylation of DARPP-32 is thought to play a critical role in the regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission.